The prevalence of chronic wasting disease in Libby has continued to decrease since the outbreak was detected in 2019, according to state wildlife officials.
Chronic wasting disease, or CWD, is a fatal, neurological illness that occurs in members of the deer family, including animals native to Montana like white-tailed deer, mule deer, elk and moose.
“There is no cure for it, no treatment for it, and at least for now all of our information shows that it is fatal,” said Neil Anderson, the wildlife manager for Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks Region 1.
First discovered in 1967 in a Colorado research facility, it has since been detected in at least 23 states, two Canadian provinces and South Korea, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.
Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks began active surveillance in the state in 1998 and found no cases until 2017. Now the agency is tracking cases along the Canadian border in Eastern Montana, as well as hot spots near Dillon and around the Crow Indian Reservation.
The disease is contagious, spread through animal-to-animal contact and indirectly by coming in contact with the saliva, urine, feces or carcasses of animals that are affected. The more infected animals on the ground, the more environmental contamination as well.
“One of our biggest concerns is just the overall health of the population,” Anderson said.
When officials first detected the disease in Libby, they initially saw 13% prevalence among the population, Anderson said. The majority of those infected were white-tailed deer. Currently, the prevalence is around 8% or 9%.
It was the first time the state detected the disease within an urban area in Montana, according to the Libby CWD Summary Report from 2022.
“Libby is unique,” said Emily Almberg, a wildlife disease biologist with Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks.
While the hopes of eradicating the disease are very low, Almberg said, there is a statewide effort to limit the spread — a concern shared by hunters and scientists alike.
“It reduces game numbers out there and the big concern is just that people will be reluctant to hunt knowing that an animal they get may be infected,” said Jim Vashro, a hunter and president of Flathead Wildlife, Inc.
According to Vashro, the best thing Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks can do is contain it.
CONTAINMENT IS one of the agency’s biggest concerns, according to Anderson. It is important to reduce the density of deer within city limits to slow and reduce the spread of the disease.
“It’s a really tough thing to try to get a handle on,” said Anderson.
In late 2021, Libby’s City Council passed Resolution 1979, creating a municipal deer management plan. The document includes removing sickly and aggressive deer, preventing illegal feeding of deer, increasing public education and encouraging proper disposal of deer carcasses.
Libby has a CWD Management Zone. The goal, according to the state wildlife agency, is to collect enough samples within the zone to estimate, and then reduce, the prevalence of the disease.
“Right now in Libby, there is no indication that the prevalence is getting higher or spreading out,” Anderson said.
While there is no evidence that the disease is transferable to humans, it is not recommended to eat infected meat. In 2019, hunters were required to submit samples for elk and moose. Beginning in 2020, hunters no longer need to submit samples, but all hunters in Region 1 are encouraged to test any harvested animal.
It is important for hunters to continue to submit samples, Anderson said. The agency needs the information to monitor the disease since there is no live animal test. Samples can be dropped off for free at any sampling station.
The Libby CWD sampling station located on the south end of Libby (mile marker 35 on Highway 2). Hunters are required to stop at game check stations but stopping at the Libby CWD sampling station is voluntary.
The Libby CWD station is open Saturday, Sunday and Monday from 10 a.m. to one hour after shooting light.
In recent years, FWP has detected CWD in white-tailed deer, mule deer and moose in the Libby area. Hunters need to be aware of the Libby CWD Management Zone (MZ) and its boundaries, which includes portions of HDs 100, 103 and 104. In 2020, a single CWD-positive whitetail buck was detected outside the zone near the Thompson Chain of Lakes and another CWD-positive was discovered outside the zone in 2021.
Testing for CWD is voluntary and hunters wishing to have harvested deer, elk and moose tested can submit samples themselves, visit the Libby CWD Sampling Station (Montana Department of Transportation shop on U.S. Highway 2, mile marker 35) on weekends during the general season, or stop by the Region 1 Headquarters in Kalispell (490 North Meridian) during business hours Monday through Friday.
Samples can be mailed to the Wildlife Health Lab in Bozeman or taken to an agency regional office. Results take around two weeks to return.
To find other sampling station locations and hours, visit https://fwp.mt.gov/cwd.