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Out-of-plane cations homogenise perovskite composition for solar cells

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) composing the formula of FA1-xCsxPbI3 provide an attractive ption for integrating high efficiency, durable stability and compatibility with upscale fabrication. Despite the Cs cation incorporation potentially enabling a perfect perovskite lattice1,2, the compositional inhomogeneity caused by A-site cation segregation is likely detrimental to the photovoltaic performance of solar cells3,4. Here, we visualized the out of-plane compositional inhomogeneity along the vertical direction across the perovskite films and identified the underlying reasons and the potential impacts for devices. We devised a strategy using 1-(Phenylsulfonyl)pyrrole (PSP) to homogenize the cations components in the perovskite films. The resultant p-i-n devices yielded a certified steady state PCE of 25.2% and durable stability.

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: Zheng Liang, Yong Zhang, Huifen Xu

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Material, Institute of Solid-State Physics (ISSP), Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, P. R. China

    Zheng Liang, Huifen Xu, Boyuan Liu, Hui Zhang, Zihan Wang, Huijie Hu, Xingyou Tian, Jiajiu Ye & Xu Pan

  2. University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, P. R. China

    Zheng Liang, Huifen Xu, Wenjing Chen, Boyuan Liu, Hui Zhang, Zihan Wang, Huijie Hu, Hongmin Zhou & Zhengguo Xiao

  3. Shenzhen Engineering Research and Development Center for Flexible Solar Cells, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, P. R. China

    Yong Zhang, Jiyao Zhang & Baomin Xu

  4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, P. R. China

    Yong Zhang, Jiyao Zhang & Baomin Xu

  5. Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, P. R. China

    Wenjing Chen & Zhengguo Xiao

  6. School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Antibonding Regulated Crystals, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea

    Dong-Ho Kang & Nam-Gyu Park

  7. SKKU Institute of Energy Science & Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea

    Dong-Ho Kang & Nam-Gyu Park

  8. Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), and Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, P. R. China

    Jianrong Zeng, Xingyu Gao & Qisheng Wang

  9. Instruments Center for Physical Science (PIC), University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, P. R. China

    Hongmin Zhou

  10. Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China

    Xiangbin Cai

  11. University Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INP, IRIG/SyMMES, STEP, Grenoble, France

    Peter Reiss

  12. IEK5-Photovoltaics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany

    Thomas Kirchartz & Jiajiu Ye

  13. Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany

    Thomas Kirchartz

  14. State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University (NCEPU), Beijing, P. R. China

    Songyuan Dai

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  1. Zheng Liang
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to
Songyuan Dai, Nam-Gyu Park, Jiajiu Ye or Xu Pan.

Supplementary information

Supplementary Information

Materials synthesis; Supplementary Figure 1-30; Supplementary Note 1 and Supplementary Table 1-7.

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Liang, Z., Zhang, Y., Xu, H. et al. Out-of-plane cations homogenise perovskite composition for solar cells.
Nature (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06784-0

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  • Received: 01 January 2023

  • Accepted: 25 October 2023

  • Published: 01 November 2023

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06784-0

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