Abstract
The ability of humans to create and disseminate culture is often credited as the single most important factor of our success as a species. In this Perspective, we explore the notion of ‘machine culture’, culture mediated or generated by machines. We argue that intelligent machines simultaneously transform the cultural evolutionary processes of variation, transmission and selection. Recommender algorithms are altering social learning dynamics. Chatbots are forming a new mode of cultural transmission, serving as cultural models. Furthermore, intelligent machines are evolving as contributors in generating cultural traits—from game strategies and visual art to scientific results. We provide a conceptual framework for studying the present and anticipated future impact of machines on cultural evolution, and present a research agenda for the study of machine culture.
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Acknowledgements
L.B. thanks M. Bakker for useful discussions. We thank B. Supriyatno for supporting the formatting of the manuscript. The conclusion was created by GPT-4 on the basis of a summary (also created by GPT-4) of this manuscript with minimal editing to align nomenclature. J.-F.B. and M.D. acknowledge IAST funding from the French National Research Agency (ANR) under grant no. ANR-17-EURE-0010 (Investissements d’Avenir programme).
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Conception: L.B. and I.R. Manuscript preparation: L.B., F.B., J.-F.B., M.D., T.F.M., A.-M.N. and I.R. Critical review, commentary or revision: A.C., A.A., T.L.G., J.H., J.Z.L., R.M., P.-Y.O. and J.S. Supervision: I.R.
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Brinkmann, L., Baumann, F., Bonnefon, JF. et al. Machine culture.
Nat Hum Behav (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01742-2
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Received: 22 August 2023
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Accepted: 03 October 2023
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Published: 20 November 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01742-2