Over the last 485 million years, Earth has been both a lot colder and a lot hotter than once thought. A new temperature timeline that combines geologic data with computational simulations reveals a rich, detailed and dramatic picture of the ebb and flow of icehouse and greenhouse conditions on Earth throughout this span of time,…

<div data-thumb="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/tiny-nuclear-powered-b-1.jpg" data-src="https://scx2.b-cdn.net/gfx/news/hires/2024/tiny-nuclear-powered-b-1.jpg" data-sub-html="Two different architectures of radiophotovoltaic batteries. Credit: Nature (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07933-9″> Two different architectures of radiophotovoltaic batteries. Credit: Nature (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07933-9 A team of physicists and engineers affiliated with several institutions in China has developed an extremely small nuclear battery that they claim is up to 8,000 times more efficient than…

Researchers looking for objects in the Kuiper Belt – the donut-shaped region beyond the orbit of Neptune containing icy objects including dwarf planet Pluto – appear to have found 11 objects far beyond it. It could be a major discovery – revealing, among other things, that the Solar System is much larger than we thought.…

A person looks at cap carbonate rocks in South China in 2019. The new study provides a new explanation for dramatic global environmental changes that led to their formation. Credit: Yarong Liu Some of the most dramatic climatic events in our planet’s history are “Snowball Earth” events that happened hundreds of millions of years ago,…

USGS Droughts in the coming decades could be longer than projected by current climate models, a new study published Wednesday in Nature warns. The international team of scientists examined potential biases that could skew climate models used to make drought projections under Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change midrange and high emissions scenarios. The researchers corrected…

image:  Jessica Tierney is a paleoclimatologist at the University of Arizona and a co-author of the new paper.  view more  Credit: University of Arizona Published in the journal Science, the study presents a curve of global mean surface temperature that reveals Earth’s temperature has varied more than previously thought over much of the Phanerozoic Eon a…

Credit: Pixabay/CC0 Public Domain Lavas from hotspots—whether erupting in Hawaii, Samoa or Iceland—likely originate from a worldwide, uniform reservoir in Earth’s mantle, according to an evaluation of volcanic hotspots published in Nature Geoscience. The findings indicate Earth’s mantle is far more chemically homogenous than scientists previously thought—and that lavas only acquire their unique chemical “flavors”…

Abstract Recessive and de novo mutations in the TRIO gene are associated with intellectual deficiency (ID), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental epileptic encephalopathies (DEE). TRIO is a dual guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that activates Rac1, Cdc42 and RhoA. Trio has been extensively studied in excitatory neurons, and has recently been found to regulate…

Abstract Susceptibility of human cells to cold stress restricts the use of therapeutic hypothermia and long-term preservation of organs at low temperatures. In contrast, cells of mammalian hibernators possess remarkable cold resistance, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. In this study, we conducted a gain-of-function screening of genes that confer…

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant tumor with significant global health implications. The role of CD4+ T cells, particularly conventional CD4+ T cells (Tconvs), in HCC progression remains unexplored. Furthermore, epigenetic factors are crucial in immune regulation, yet their specific role in HCC-infiltrating Tconv cells remains elusive. This study elucidates the role of…