image:  Jessica Tierney is a paleoclimatologist at the University of Arizona and a co-author of the new paper.  view more  Credit: University of Arizona Published in the journal Science, the study presents a curve of global mean surface temperature that reveals Earth’s temperature has varied more than previously thought over much of the Phanerozoic Eon a…

Credit: Pixabay/CC0 Public Domain Lavas from hotspots—whether erupting in Hawaii, Samoa or Iceland—likely originate from a worldwide, uniform reservoir in Earth’s mantle, according to an evaluation of volcanic hotspots published in Nature Geoscience. The findings indicate Earth’s mantle is far more chemically homogenous than scientists previously thought—and that lavas only acquire their unique chemical “flavors”…

Abstract Recessive and de novo mutations in the TRIO gene are associated with intellectual deficiency (ID), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental epileptic encephalopathies (DEE). TRIO is a dual guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that activates Rac1, Cdc42 and RhoA. Trio has been extensively studied in excitatory neurons, and has recently been found to regulate…

Abstract Susceptibility of human cells to cold stress restricts the use of therapeutic hypothermia and long-term preservation of organs at low temperatures. In contrast, cells of mammalian hibernators possess remarkable cold resistance, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. In this study, we conducted a gain-of-function screening of genes that confer…

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant tumor with significant global health implications. The role of CD4+ T cells, particularly conventional CD4+ T cells (Tconvs), in HCC progression remains unexplored. Furthermore, epigenetic factors are crucial in immune regulation, yet their specific role in HCC-infiltrating Tconv cells remains elusive. This study elucidates the role of…

Functional liquid-infused porous membranes show promise in many applications including emulsification of liquid mixtures and de-emulsification for water purification. In situ liquid-infused aerogel membranes with reverse functionality exploit a hierarchical microstructure of hydrated aerogels and the functionality of micro-confined water, enabling on-demand emulsification/de-emulsification. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution Access…

20 September 2024 4 min read Key points Taking part in citizen science projects, like counting koalas or monitoring water quality, could help improve mental health. Connecting with nature, including whale watching or gazing at the night sky, can have a positive impact on mental health. Our researchers are exploring how technology, like using AI…

Abstract Hemolysis drives susceptibility to lung injury and predicts poor outcomes in diseases, such as malaria and sickle cell disease (SCD). However, the underlying pathological mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report that major facilitator superfamily domain containing 7 C (MFSD7C) protects the lung from hemolytic-induced damage by preventing ferroptosis. Mechanistically, MFSD7C deficiency in HuLEC-5A cells leads…

Abstract This study helps in managing waste glass and greening the environment by incorporating laboratory waste glass into mortar production to make an eco-friendly shielding material against gamma rays. The efficiency of using waste glass powder as a cement replacement or addition in mortar production was studied by using two waste glass sizes: micro glass…

Abstract New molecular technologies have helped unveil previously unexplored facets of the genome beyond the canonical proteome, including microproteins and short ORFs, products of alternative splicing, regulatory non-coding RNAs, as well as transposable elements, cis-regulatory DNA, and other highly repetitive regions of DNA. In this Review, we highlight what is known about this ‘hidden genome’…