Online marketplace Etsy has come under fire from sellers for putting 75% of their takings on hold for 45 days.

Hundreds of small business owners got an email from Etsy notifying them it was actioning its “reserve system”.

Ceramics seller Rachel Collyer said Etsy was holding £899 of her money, which means she cannot afford to buy materials to keep producing.

Etsy said payment reserves were used to “keep the marketplace safe” and cover any potential refunds.

Ms Collyer has been selling ceramics on Etsy since 2021. She was given only a few hours’ notice before her money was put on reserve.

“This is ruining my business – I can’t afford to buy any clay or glazes. We might have to move house because I can’t pay any bills,” she said.

Etsy’s payment policy states the reasons for putting money on hold include a sudden increase in sales, a shop having only made its first sale recently, the shop committing a “policy violation” or “other risk factors”.

Some sellers told the BBC that two reserve periods were imposed on them consecutively.

Dan sells made-to-order wood furniture on the site and told the BBC he had no idea why his money was being held.

“Etsy are holding around £7,000 of my money, leaving us to use credit cards and family loans to try and keep our business running and keep food on the table,” said the 44-year-old from Buckinghamshire.

His partner Sam said: “There is no ability to have the reserve lifted within the 90 days, you must see out the full period. It’s destroyed my business.”

Joanna, who ran a bespoke underwear shop on Etsy, told the BBC she too could see no reason for her funds being withheld, and so suddenly.

“I have been selling [on Etsy] for four years,” she said. “I woke up to a communication… stating that my account has been put on a 90-day period of reserve whereby they will hold 75% of my sales.

“We have no cases against us, we have performed no malpractice in any way,” she said, adding that her account was not restored to normal even after following the site’s guidance on lifting the reserve.

The 62-year-old said she would have made £5,000 this month and cannot take out a loan while she waits for the money.

“I cancelled all my on-reserve orders and put my shop on vacation. I won’t trade with them. I can’t afford to,” she said.

And almost as suddenly as the reserve was implemented, it was lifted. She received no explanation for either decision.

The BBC spoke to more than 20 sellers who had similar complaints. One, a disabled seller for whom Etsy is her only source of income, said the company stated it was taking “no complaints” on the issue. Etsy told her it “isn’t able to give… [a] specific reason” for withholding thousands of pounds of her takings.

Many sellers wished to remain anonymous for fear of having their shops taken off the platform.

“If you challenge them or speak out, or don’t accept their terms and conditions, your account becomes disabled,” one independent UK seller told us.

Etsy disputes this and says that it wouldn’t retaliate against a seller for voicing their opinion. It says it takes seller feedback very seriously.

Hundreds of affected Etsy sellers are planning a “strike”, organising on various online groups.

An Etsy spokesperson said that the vast majority of sellers receive their funds when they make a sale. They added that the reserve system was used by many online sellers.

However, Amazon’s level or reserve is much lower, at around 3% for established sellers until any disputes are resolved.

The Small Business Commissioner, Liz Barclay, said Etsy’s “level of reserve is new to us”.

She added that while she had no remit across complaints made against non-UK companies, “there have been more complaints recently” made against the US-based firm.

Ms Barclay said the commission was receiving reports of “many small firms owed several thousands of pounds”, which was “heart breaking at a time when people are struggling with the rising cost of living on top of huge increases in costs of business bills and materials”.

“My big worry is that for hundreds of thousands of businesses, this is their only source of income. Anecdotally, we hear that many sellers are women or minority groups and they need this money to pay the bills,” Ms Barclay said.

Martyn James, an online retail expert, said that while it made sense to not release money until the buyer had received an item, “the business should not be sitting on money for any longer as an anti-fraud measure”.

He said he was “deeply concerned” at Etsy withholding sellers’ money like this, and said it was an example of how online sites could “slip through the cracks of regulation”.

Tina McKenzie, policy chair at the Federation of Small Businesses, said that sites should offer sellers stability and transparency when it comes to dealing with their funds.

She added that online sites dealing with small businesses “hold a lot of power over the sellers” and should therefore “use their power responsibly”.

“People’s livelihoods are at stake in many cases,” Ms McKenzie said.

Etsy said it would “continue to improve upon our programs, including payment reserves”.

The BBC understands that a representative of Etsy has met with UK government officials.