Florida is set to crack down on high-tech stalking using hidden tracking devices such as Apple AirTags, other Bluetooth gadgets or digital apps that secretly monitor the movements of another person.
The change in state law, which raises the penalty from a misdemeanor to a felony, could send someone to prison for up to five years.
The move brings Florida’s law against stalking into the digital age, when inexpensive and widely available technology has made it made easier than ever to track someone’s movements minute by minute without their knowledge.
The CEO of a domestic violence shelter that serves Pinellas and Marion counties, Lariana Forsythe of Community Action Stops Abuse, said women who seek help from her agency encounter hidden tracking devices “all the time.” She said it was one way that abusers exert control.
Forsythe said even under changes to Florida’s law, prosecutors should stick with felony charges.
“Charges are very often pled down,” Forsythe said. “We need to see it actually put into application.”
Florida’s criminal courts have handled more than 150 cases involving unlawful tracking under the stalking law since 2021, records show.
In Gainesville, David Anthony Velez, 60, admitted to an ex-girlfriend who lived in Jacksonville that he had hidden one of Apple’s quarter-sized, $25 tracking devices inside her vehicle, police said.
The woman’s neighbor helped find the device taped under the front passenger seat. Afterward, she told Velez never to contact her again.
Under the old law, Velez, who didn’t return phone and text messages, pleaded no contest to a misdemeanor charge of installing a tracking device in June 2022. The judge sentenced Velez to a $276 fine and no jail time, and he withheld adjudication in the case so it doesn’t show up as a formal criminal conviction on Velez’s record.
The Legislature passed the update to Florida’s stalking law unanimously, and Gov. Ron DeSantis is expected to sign it soon. It would go into effect Oct. 1.
Rep. Michele K. Rayner, D-St. Petersburg, told lawmakers during a House criminal justice subcommittee hearing in December that she had been illegally tracked by such a device. She voted for the bill.
“I wish that this bill was in place, and this law was in place, a while ago,” she said. “This is why we say policy is personal.”
The Legislature said the change is significant enough that it may require more jail beds or prison cells in Florida.
Bluetooth trackers like Apple’s AirTags, Google’s Nest tags or Tile devices work by transmitting a signal to nearby phones or tablets, which display its moves in real-time on a map.
The trackers – which can be attached to or tucked in a purse, wallet, backpack, suitcase or keychain – are battery powered and generally waterproof. They can last a year or two without being recharged or batteries replaced.
Apple warns customers on its website not to use the trackers illegally, noting that it cooperates with law enforcement to help trace owners of trackers when necessary. An upcoming change to Apple’s iPhone and iPad software will make it easier for users to detect unwanted trackers around them and disable them.
The new law allows police to use such tracking devices in criminal investigations; parents, guardians or caregivers to use the devices to track a child, elderly person or disabled adult; or owners of vehicles to use devices to track their own cars or trucks.
Capt. Troy Norman of the St. Lucie County Sheriff’s Office along Florida’s East Coast, said investigating such cases as felonies would allow law enforcement agencies more easily to obtain search warrants from judges, instead of relying on companies to turn over records under a subpoena, which can take up to 30 days.
“Making it a felony will speed up the process,” Norman said.
Paola Ballester Dees, 46, of St. Petersburg is one of three Florida residents suing Apple in a class-action case in federal court in California. The lawsuit filed in December 2022 on behalf of 38 people, alleges that the company’s AirTags are used across the country to stalk or otherwise track people without their consent, and Apple’s few safeguards in place are insufficient to keep victims safe.
Dees said she found AirTag hidden in a new car she purchased after a traffic accident. She said a former partner put it there to stalk her. She said Apple would not turn over to her information about how the device was used to track her, which she said led to a judge denying her request for a domestic violence protective order.
“Apple had made very public commitments to wanting to help victims of when the AirTag technology was used for allegedly unintended purposes,” Dees said. “In my case, they did not do that at all.”
The lawsuit is not expected to be resolved before late summer.
This story was produced by Fresh Take Florida, a news service of the University of Florida College of Journalism and Communications. The reporters can be reached at [email protected] and [email protected].