Culverts 

Culverts are human-made structures that channel water past obstacles or to subterranean waterways. Culverts can be an important tool in solving human-wildlife conflict between people and beavers. The natural behaviour beavers exhibit of building dams can cause floods that damage property or cause harm to people in other ways. To prevent this, beavers are sometimes killed or trapped. However, beavers are crucial to their ecosystems, as their dams create habitats and water sources for many other species. Instead of harming beavers, we can build culverts around their dams that prevent flooding by redirecting water flow. 

Defensive behaviour 

Defensive behaviour refers to the behaviour exhibited by an animal in response to feeling threatened by a human or another animal. An animal’s response to a threat may involve playing dead or running away, but it may also trigger aggressive behaviour. Some animals may become aggressive if they feel threatened by humans, which is why you should never try to approach a wild animal with the intent of touching it, harming it, feeding it, or taking a close-up photo. Defensive behaviour from the largest of grizzly bears and the smallest of bees can be dangerous for humans. 

Deterrence devices 

Also called scare devices, deterrence devices are objects used to prevent wildlife from entering a property, farm, garden, or other area. A simple example of a deterrence device is a scarecrow, which sits among crops and deters birds from eating seeds. Another example is beehive fences, which scare elephants and prevent them from wandering into a community. Many deterrence devices can effectively prevent human-wildlife conflict. 

Other deterrence devices may use sounds, chemicals, electric shocks, or barbed wire. Unfortunately, many technologies that are used to prevent conflict between people and animals can cause harm to wildlife. 

Encroachment 

Encroachment refers to human intrusion into wild animal habitats. It occurs when people build infrastructure, farms, and housing in the habitats of wildlife, often disturbing and displacing them in addition to harming the local ecosystem. Encroachment leads to the endangerment of many species and is a major driver of human-wildlife conflict, as people and animals begin to compete for resources in the same space.