Abstract
Degrowth is a sustainability strategy that is attracting increasing scientific interest, but is seen as too radical for politicians to accept, especially when compared with ‘green growth’. Here we use Q methodology to investigate viewpoints of political elites on degrowth and green growth by inquiring the views of 41 elected members of the European Parliament. We find opinions clustered around three distinct discourses: a ‘Post-growth Deal’, closer to degrowth, an ‘Ecosocialist Green New Deal’ and finally a ‘Liberal Green Deal’, linked to green growth. Green growth opinions are found in the centre-right of the political spectrum while two distinct centre-left/left discourses (post-growth and eco-socialism) are respectively critical and agnostic towards growth and coalesce on public investment, environmental justice, and working-hours reduction. Radical sustainability opinions therefore exist among elected policy makers, and consensus does not necessarily build on supposedly win–win options that combine growth and sustainability. Questions remain over when and how such radical opinions may find expression in concrete policies.
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Acknowledgements
We acknowledge support by the ‘María de Maeztu’ Unit of Excellence (MDM-2015-0552) grant. G.K.: this work was supported by the European Research Council REAL—ERC-2022-SYG REAL reference number 101071647. R.M.: the PhD project that gave rise to the results of this study received the support of a fellowship from ‘la Caixa’ Foundation (ID100010434) with code LCF/BQ/IN18/11660059. C.Z.: acknowledges support by the GRES research project (contract number CNS2022-136115) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union Next Generation/PRTR programme. We acknowledge R. Sorensen for her help with editing and E. Karafilli for her help with the visuals.
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Conceptualization: G.K., R.M. and C.Z. Methodology: G.K., R.M. and C.Z. Data collection: R.M. Data analysis: R.M. and C.Z. Visualization: G.K., R.M. and C.Z. Writing: G.K., R.M. and C.Z. Funding acquisition: R.M.
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Nature Sustainability thanks Aron Buzogány, Vasiliki Tsagkroni and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work.
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Kallis, G., Mastini, R. & Zografos, C. Perceptions of degrowth in the European Parliament.
Nat Sustain (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-023-01246-x
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Received: 26 September 2021
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Accepted: 09 October 2023
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Published: 16 November 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-023-01246-x