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Reduced rank regression dietary patterns and dyslipidemia in Brazilian adolescents: results from the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (ERICA)

Abstract

Background

Evidence on the harmful effects of diet on serum lipids in adolescence has not been consistent. The present study sought to establish which dietary patterns are associated with biomarkers of dyslipidemia.

Methods

Data from 36,217 Brazilian adolescents participating in the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents were evaluated. Dietary patterns were identified using the reduced rank regression analysis. Linear regression models were applied to verify the association between dietary pattern scores and the biomarkers of dyslipidemia.

Results

The two first dietary patterns identified by reduced rank regression (RRR-DP1 and RRR-DP2) were kept for further analysis. The RRR-DP1 was highly and positively loaded for sweets and red meat and negatively loaded for beans, fruits, vegetables, and rice. The RRR-DP2 was positively loaded for beans and rice and negatively loaded for sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit juices, and sweets. Linear regression models estimated that one standard deviation (SD) increase in the RRR-DP1 score was only associated with a mean increase of 0.29 mg/dL in HDL-cholesterol (95% CI 0.06;0.53), while one SD increase in the RRR-DP2 score was associated with the lower mean of triglycerides (β = −2.24, 95% CI −3.57;−0.91), LDL-c (β = −0.82 95% CI −1.53;−0.12), and total cholesterol (β = −1.30 95% CI −1.94;−0.65).

Conclusion

Higher adherence to the dietary patterns positively loaded for red meat and sweets was associated with increased HDL-c levels, while adherence to a more Brazilian traditional dietary pattern (RRR-DP2) was associated with a better lipids profile.

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Fig. 1

Data availability

Data will be available upon request to the ERICA Central Committee.

Code availability

The code used to model the dataset and obtain the results can be assessed upon request from the authors.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the participants of the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents for their valuable contributions to this work.

Funding

MAA received a scholarship from São Paulo Estate Research Support Foundation – FAPESP (grant number 2019/13486-5). The study ERICA was supported by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (Science and Technology Department) and the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology (Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos/FINEP and Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa/CNPq) (grants FINEP: 01090421, CNPq: 565037/2010-2 and 405009/2012-7).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Mariane de Almeida Alves

  2. School of Medicine and Surgery, Università Degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy

    Bernardo Paz Barboza

  3. Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, Brazil

    Anabelle Retondario

  4. Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil

    Liliana Paula Bricarello & Francisco de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos

  5. Avantis University Center – UNIAVAN, Balneário Camboriú, Brazil

    Camila Tureck

  6. Public Health Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Katia Vergetti Bloch & Amanda de Moura Souza

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  1. Mariane de Almeida Alves
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Contributions

MAA: Conceptualization; Methodology; Formal analysis. Writing -Original Draft; Writing – Review & Editing. BPB: Conceptualization; Methodology; Writing – Original Draft; Writing – Review & Editing. AR Conceptualization; Methodology; Writing – Original Draft; Writing – Review & Editing. LPB: Conceptualization; Methodology; Writing – Original Draft; Writing – Review & Editing. CT: Conceptualization; Methodology; Writing – Original Draft; Writing – Review & Editing. KVB: Conceptualization; Investigation; Writing – Review & Editing; Project Administration. FAGV: Conceptualization; Writing – Review & Editing; Supervision. AMS: Conceptualization; Writing – Review & Editing; Supervision.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to
Mariane de Almeida Alves.

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Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical approval

The Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The Ethical Committee of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro approved the study in January 2009. The approval of the Ethical Committee at each of the 26 States and for the Federal District was obtained. Permission to conduct the study was obtained in all State and local Departments of Education and all schools. Written informed consent was obtained from each student and their parents for those invited to take blood collection (those studying in the morning). When the local ethics committees required informed parental consent even for students who were not taking blood, such consent was needed for students to participate in the study.

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Alves, M.d.A., Barboza, B.P., Retondario, A. et al. Reduced rank regression dietary patterns and dyslipidemia in Brazilian adolescents: results from the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (ERICA).
Eur J Clin Nutr (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-024-01539-0

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  • Received: 12 November 2023

  • Revised: 01 October 2024

  • Accepted: 30 October 2024

  • Published: 07 November 2024

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-024-01539-0

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