Organization WH. Global Health Observatory. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Available: who int/gho/database/en/[Accessed 10 July 2019]. 2018.
Countdown NCD. Countdown 2030: efficient pathways and strategic investments to accelerate progress towards the sustainable development goal target 3.4 in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet (London England). 2022;399(10331):1266.
Google Scholar
Wang Y, Wang J. Modelling and prediction of global non-communicable Diseases. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:1–13.
Google Scholar
Organization WH. Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable Diseases 2013–2020. World Health Organization; 2013.
Knoops KT, de Groot LC, Kromhout D, Perrin A-E, Moreiras-Varela O, Menotti A, et al. Mediterranean diet, lifestyle factors, and 10-year mortality in elderly European men and women: the HALE project. JAMA. 2004;292(12):1433–9.
Google Scholar
Wells WD. Life Style and Psychographics, Chap. 13: life style and psychographics: definitions. Uses, and Problems: Marketing Classics Press; 2011.
Abdolkarimy M, Zareipour M, Mahmoodi H, Dashti S, Faryabi R, Movahed E. Health promoting behaviors and their relationship with self-efficacy of health workers. Iran J Public Health. 2017;30(105):68–79.
Murray J, Fenton G, Honey S, Bara AC, Hill KM, House A. A qualitative synthesis of factors influencing maintenance of lifestyle behaviour change in individuals with high cardiovascular risk. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2013;13(1):1–11.
Google Scholar
Tol A, Tavassoli E, Shariferad GR, Shojaeezadeh D. Health-promoting lifestyle and quality of life among undergraduate students at school of health, Isfahan university of medical sciences. J Educ Health Promotion. 2013;2.
Mak YW, Kao AH, Tam LW, Virginia W, Don T, Leung DY. Health-promoting lifestyle and quality of life among Chinese nursing students. Prim Health care Res Dev. 2018;19(6):629–36.
Google Scholar
Amati V, Meggiolaro S, Rivellini G, Zaccarin S. Social relations and life satisfaction: the role of friends. Genus. 2018;74:1–18.
Google Scholar
Pavot W, Diener E. The satisfaction with life scale and the emerging construct of life satisfaction. J Posit Psychol. 2008;3(2):137–52.
Google Scholar
Ghasemi SR, Zangeneh A, Rajabi-Gilan N, Reshadat S, Saeidi S, Ziapour A. Health-related quality of life in informal settlements in Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran: role of poverty and perception of family socioeconomic status. East Mediterr Health J. 2019;25(11).
St. John PD, Mackenzie C, Menec V. Does life satisfaction predict five-year mortality in community-living older adults? Aging Ment Health. 2015;19(4):363–70.
Google Scholar
Kearney S, Pham TP, Adalsteinsson JE, Landorph A, Raffini LJ. Health-related quality of life and satisfaction of children with severe hemophilia a treated with turoctocog alfa pegol (N8-GP). Blood. 2017;130:2136.
Elahi N, Ghannad N, Haghighizadeh MH. The relationship between health promoting lifestyle with life satisfaction in postmenopausal women. J Res Med Dent Sci. 2018;6(5):139–44.
Cockerham W. Health behavior and lifestyles. Medical sociology. 8th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 2001. pp. 90–112.
Reshadat S, Saedi S, Zangeneh A, Ghasemi S, Gilan N, Karbasi A, et al. Spatial accessibility of the population to urban health centres in Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran: a geographic information systems analysis. EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2015;21(6):389–95.
Google Scholar
Shim JK. Cultural health capital: a theoretical approach to understanding health care interactions and the dynamics of unequal treatment. J Health Soc Behav. 2010;51(1):1–15.
Google Scholar
Kim S, Kim H. Does cultural capital matter? Cultural divide and quality of life. Soc Indic Res. 2009;93:295–313.
Google Scholar
Hasanpour A. Ghasemi VJoSoI. Modeling, designing and fitting the model, and presenting measures to measure cultural capital Iranian. J Sociol. 2015;17(1–2):55–95.
Abel T. Cultural capital and social inequality in health. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2008;62(7):e13–e.
Google Scholar
Niazi M, Afra H, Nejadi A, Sakhaei A. Meta-analysis of the relationship between Cultural Capital and Lifestyle. J Appl Sociol. 2018;29(4):1–20.
Kwon H-J, Park H-OH. Cultural capital factors associated with life satisfaction in Korean baby boomers. J Public Health. 2018;40(1):e16–e24.
Google Scholar
Winkleby MA, Jatulis DE, Frank E, Fortmann SP. Socioeconomic status and health: how education, income, and occupation contribute to risk factors for Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Public Health. 1992;82(6):816–20.
Google Scholar
Calixto O-J, Anaya J-M. Socioeconomic status. The relationship with health and autoimmune Diseases. Autoimmun rev. 2014;13(6):641–54.
Google Scholar
Barr AB. Family socioeconomic status, family health, and changes in students’ math achievement across high school: a mediational model. Soc Sci Med. 2015;140:27–34.
Google Scholar
Fassbender I, Leyendecker B. Socio-economic status and psychological well-being in a sample of Turkish immigrant mothers in Germany. Front Psychol. 2018;9:1586.
Google Scholar
Mirmoghtadaee P, Heshmat R, Djalalinia S, Motamed-Gorji N, Motlagh ME, Ardalan G, et al. The association of socioeconomic status of family and living region with self-rated health and life satisfaction in children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-IV study. Med J Islamic Repub Iran. 2016;30:423.
Daraei M, Mohajery A. The impact of socioeconomic status on life satisfaction. Soc Indic Res. 2013;112:69–81.
Google Scholar
Choi Y, Kwon K-N. Testing the role of ethnicity and health consciousness in preventive health behaviors. OMNES: The Journal of Multicultural Society. 2020;10(1):30–56.
Google Scholar
Cheng ZH, Perko VL, Fuller-Marashi L, Gau JM, Stice E. Ethnic differences in eating disorder prevalence, risk factors, and predictive effects of risk factors among young women. Eat Behav. 2019;32:23–30.
Google Scholar
Knies G, Nandi A, Platt L. Life satisfaction, ethnicity and neighbourhoods: is there an effect of neighbourhood ethnic composition on life satisfaction? Soc Sci Res. 2016;60:110–24.
Google Scholar
Verkuyten M. Life satisfaction among ethnic minorities: the role of discrimination and group identification. Soc Indic Res. 2008;89:391–404.
Google Scholar
Harris N, Salehi A, Coyne E, Sebar B. Life satisfaction and its determinants among young Iranian women. Women’s Health Bulletin. 2016;3(3).
Taghizadeh M, Khoshkonesh A, Zademohamadi AZ, Habibi M. Comparison of ethnic identity and subjective well-being in Iranian ethnicities. Social Welf Q. 2014;14(52):135–58.
Spiers A, Walker GJ. The effects of ethnicity and leisure satisfaction on happiness, peacefulness, and quality of life. Leisure Sci. 2008;31(1):84–99.
Google Scholar
Saleh A. Ethnic conflict in Iran: continuity and change. Ethnic identity and the State in Iran. Springer; 2013. pp. 59–84.
Operario D, Adler NE, Williams DR. Subjective social status: reliability and predictive utility for global health. Psychol Health. 2004;19(2):237–46.
Google Scholar
Odéen M, Westerlund H, Theorell T, Leineweber C, Eriksen HR, Ursin H. Expectancies, socioeconomic status, and self-rated health: use of the simplified TOMCATS questionnaire. Int J Behav Med. 2013;20:242–51.
Google Scholar
Diener E, Emmons RA, Larsen RJ, Griffin S. The satisfaction with life scale. J Pers Assess. 1985;49(1):71–5.
Google Scholar
VAHEDI S FE. The validation and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis of the satisfaction with life scale in nurse and midwife undergraduate students. Iran J Nurs Res. 2010;5(17):68–79.
Kelly DL, Lyon DE, Garvan C, Wingard JR. Associations among health-promoting lifestyle behaviors, perceived stress, and inflammatory responses of individuals with chronic graft-versus-host Disease (cGVHD) following allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2016;22(3):470–S1.
Google Scholar
Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Mirghafourvand M, Tavananezhad N, Karkhaneh M. Health promoting lifestyles and self-efficacy in adolescent boys. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2014;23(109):152–62.
Mohammadi Zeidi I, Pakpour Hajiagha A, Mohammadi Zeidi B. Reliability and validity of Persian version of the health-promoting lifestyle profile. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2011;20(1):102–13.
Ali BY, Baiyngani B. A survey on the effect of capital forms on life satisfaction (study on youth of paveh). Social Res (Islamic Azad Univ Roudehen Branch). 2011;4(12).
Gagne T, Frohlich KL, Abel T. Cultural capital and Smoking in young adults: applying new indicators to explore social inequalities in health behaviour. Eur J Public Health. 2015;25(5):818–23.
Google Scholar
Ghaderi M, Maleki A, Ahmadnia S. From Bourdieu’s Cultural Capital to Abel’s Health-Related Cultural Capital: applying New indicators for explaining healthy lifestyle. Social Welf Q. 2016;16(62):9–58.
Mohammadi J, Vedadhir A, Mohammadi F. Cultural Capital and the Lifestyle A quantitative study on the Middle Class residents of Sanandaj City, Kurdistan. Iran J Sociol. 2013;13(4):1–23.
Hashemi N, Sebar B, Harris N. The relationship between cultural capital and lifestyle health behaviours in young people: a systematic review. Public Health. 2018;164:57–67.
Google Scholar
Christensen VT, Carpiano RM. Social class differences in BMI among Danish women: applying Cockerham’s health lifestyles approach and Bourdieu’s theory of lifestyle. Soc Sci Med. 2014;112:12–21.
Google Scholar
Cockerham WC. Bourdieu and an update of health lifestyle theory. Medical sociology on the move: new directions in theory. Springer; 2013. pp. 127–54.
Farrell C. Tackling health inequalities: an all-Ireland approach to social determinants. Combat Poverty Agency; 2008.
Steiner L, Frey B, Hotz S. European capitals of culture and life satisfaction. Urban Stud. 2015;52(2):374–94.
Google Scholar
Jagodzinski W. Economic, social, and cultural determinants of life satisfaction: are there differences between Asia and Europe? Soc Indic Res. 2010;97:85–104.
Google Scholar
Abdollahpour I, Mooijaart S, Aguilar-Palacio I, Salimi Y, Nedjat S, Mansournia MA, et al. Socioeconomic status as the strongest predictor of self-rated health in Iranian population; a population-based cross-sectional study. J Psychosom Res. 2019;124:109775.
Google Scholar
Rajabi Gilan N, Khezeli M, Zardoshtian S. The effect of self-rated health, subjective socioeconomic status, social capital, and physical activity on life satisfaction: a cross-sectional study in urban western Iran. BMC Public Health. 2021;21:1–9.
Google Scholar
Wang F, Zhen Q, Li K, Wen X. Association of socioeconomic status and health-related behavior with elderly health in China. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(9):e0204237.
Google Scholar
Abbott P, Sapsford R. Life-satisfaction in post-soviet Russia and Ukraine. J Happiness Stud. 2006;7(2):251–87.
Google Scholar
Koochani Esfahani M, Mahmoudian H. A study of the impact of cultural capital on general health by the mediating role of healthy lifestyle (case study: high school students of Shiraz). J Appl Sociol. 2018;29(2):1–16.
Kamalinedjad F, Rafiepoor A, Sabet M. Structural equation modeling relationship of the between coping strategies with quality of life by mediating Lifestyle in Cardiovascular patients. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2020;8(4):348–58.
Seo EJ, Ahn J-A, Hayman LL, Kim C-J. The association between perceived stress and quality of life in university students: the parallel mediating role of depressive symptoms and health-promoting behaviors. Asian Nurs Res. 2018;12(3):190–6.
Google Scholar
Hu S, Jin C, Li S. Association between social capital and frailty and the mediating effect of health-promoting lifestyles in Chinese older adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22(1):175.
Google Scholar
Xue Y, Lu J, Zheng X, Zhang J, Lin H, Qin Z, et al. The relationship between socioeconomic status and depression among the older adults: the mediating role of health promoting lifestyle. J Affect Disord. 2021;285:22–8.
Google Scholar
Cokley K, Garcia D, Hall-Clark B, Tran K, Rangel A. The moderating role of ethnicity in the relation between religiousness and mental health among ethnically diverse college students. J Relig Health. 2012;51:890–907.
Google Scholar
Fisher AE, Fisher S, Arsenault C, Jacob R, Barnes-Najor J. The moderating role of ethnic identity on the relationship between school climate and self-esteem for African American adolescents. School Psychol Rev. 2020;49(3):291–305.
Google Scholar
Cuevas AG, Ortiz K, Ransome Y. The moderating role of race/ethnicity and nativity in the relationship between perceived discrimination and overweight and obesity: results from the national epidemiologic survey on Alcohol and related conditions. BMC Public Health. 2019;19:1–10.
Google Scholar
Liu Z, Li X, Jin T, Xiao Q, Wuyun T. Effects of ethnicity and spiritual intelligence in the relationship between awe and life satisfaction among Chinese primary school teachers. Front Psychol. 2021;12:673832.
Google Scholar
Abubakar A, Dimitrova R. Social connectedness, life satisfaction and school engagement: moderating role of ethnic minority status on resilience processes of Roma youth. Eur J Dev Psychol. 2016;13(3):361–76.
Google Scholar
Anderson NB, Bulatao RA, Cohen B, on Race P, Council NR. Race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and health. Critical perspectives on racial and ethnic differences in health in late life. National Academies Press (US); 2004.