This survey was included as a module within the Gallup World Poll in 2022. Since 2005, the World Poll has regularly surveyed people in more than 160 countries using mixed methods of telephone and face-to-face interviewing. In a typical year, the poll results represent more than 95% of the world’s population aged 15 and older, using randomly selected, nationally representative samples.

The questionnaire is translated into the major conversational languages of each country. The translation process starts with an English, French or Spanish version, depending on the region. One of two translation methods may be used. First, two independent translations are completed. An independent third party, with some knowledge of survey research methods, adjudicates the differences. A professional translator translates the final version back into the source language. Second, a translator translates into the target language. An independent third party with knowledge of survey methods reviews and revises the translation as necessary.

The Gallup World Poll core question translations remain consistent over time. Any new question items are translated according to the Gallup World Poll’s quality procedures. Interviewers are instructed to follow the interview script and may not deviate from the translated language.

All samples were probability based — meaning respondents were selected randomly — and nationally representative of the aged 15 and older population. As all eligible landline exchanges and valid mobile service providers were included, the coverage area is an entire country, including rural areas. The sampling frame represents adults aged 15 and older with access to a phone (either landline or mobile). Gallup used random-digit dialing (RDD) or a nationally representative list of phone numbers.