Research highlights the urgent need for improved nutrition during pregnancy and postpartum, offering fitness professionals ways to support clients

A recent study from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, highlights concerning trends in the dietary habits of pregnant and postpartum individuals. The research, which assessed participants from early pregnancy to one year postpartum, underscores the urgent need for improved nutritional guidance and support during these critical life stages.

The study used the USDA’s Healthy Eating Index (HEI) to evaluate diet quality on a 0-100 scale, with an average participant score of 61.6 — equivalent to a barely passing “D” on a traditional grading scale. While slightly better than the national average for U.S. adults, this score reveals significant room for improvement.

Program Design Considerations

For fitness and wellness professionals working with women during pregnancy and postpartum, this research offers critical insights into the unique challenges faced by this population. Proper nutrition during these stages is essential not only for the individual’s health but also for long-term outcomes for the child.

Anna Maria Siega-Riz, senior author and dean of the UMass Amherst School of Public Health and Health Sciences, noted the disparities in diet quality linked to factors such as income, education, and access to resources. “Lower-income women may lack access to high-quality foods or the support needed to make lasting dietary changes,” she explained.

This means that nutritional education and behavior change strategies should consider a client’s socioeconomic context. Recognizing these barriers and collaborating with other professionals, such as dietitians, can lead to more effective support systems.

Key Findings

• Stable diet quality, but room for growth: The study found little change in dietary patterns from pregnancy to postpartum, with the lowest scores in whole grains, fatty acids, and dairy consumption. Professionals might consider recommending simple, cost-effective meal plans or grocery lists to improve these areas.
• Impact of sociodemographics: Higher diet quality was observed among higher-income, more educated participants. Fitness professionals should prioritize inclusivity by tailoring advice to align with diverse financial and cultural contexts.
• Behavioral trends: Some participants reverted to pre-pregnancy habits, such as increased caffeine, alcohol, and refined carbohydrate consumption. Coaching postpartum clients on sustainable habits that accommodate these shifts can improve long-term adherence to healthier choices.
• Nutritional moderation challenges: Sodium and saturated fats were notable areas where participants scored poorly. Incorporating tips for reading nutrition labels or meal prepping can help clients make better choices.

Opportunities for Collaboration

The research also highlights gaps in the current healthcare and support models for pregnant and postpartum women. Fitness professionals can play an important role by partnering with healthcare providers to create holistic wellness plans that address both physical activity and dietary needs.

Siega-Riz emphasized the importance of comprehensive care: “Policymakers and prenatal care providers need to understand that even pregnant women need support and guidance to change their dietary habits for the better.” This points to an opportunity for fitness pros to advocate for integrated care that includes nutrition and exercise counseling.

A related study in The Journal of Nutrition found links between diet and the gastrointestinal microbiome during pregnancy. While the implications of these findings are still being explored, they reinforce the importance of a balanced diet for both the parent and child. Fitness professionals could benefit from staying informed on emerging research in this area, as it may influence future recommendations for prenatal and postpartum clients.

This study serves as a reminder that nutrition is a cornerstone of health during pregnancy and postpartum. For fitness professionals, the findings present an opportunity to address gaps in education and support through personalized guidance, collaboration and a commitment to inclusivity.